The party of Togolese President Faure Gnassingbé largely won the legislative elections on Monday April 29 in Togo, the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) announced on Saturday May 4, which will allow the head of state to remain in power under a new Constitution adopted in April.
The Union for the Republic (Unir), the presidential party, obtained 108 deputies out of 113, according to the provisional results announced in Lomé by the president of the CENI, Dago Yabré, after a count broadcast live on the national television channel . The participation rate was 61%, according to the CENI.
These results, which have yet to be confirmed by the Constitutional Court, constitute a triumph for the M. Gnassingbé party, in power since 2005 following his father, who remained at the head of state for nearly thirty-eight years. He should remain the master of Togo's destiny for at least the next six years.
The new Constitution, adopted on April 19 by outgoing deputies, shifted the country from a presidential system to a parliamentary system. Power now resides in the hands of a president of the council of ministers, who is automatically the leader of the majority party in the National Assembly. Which is the case for Faure Gnassingbé, president of Unir.
Stay in power indefinitely?
This constitutional reform was strongly criticized by the Togolese opposition and civil society organizations, who denounced an “institutional coup” and saw it as a way for Mr. Gnassingbé to remain in power indefinitely.
According to the previous Constitution, the head of state could only have run for one last term in 2025. The opposition claims that the abolition of direct suffrage to elect the head of state will allow the latter to be reappointed without term limit as long as his party wins the legislative elections.
For the ruling party, on the contrary, constitutional reform makes the authorities more representative. According to the new Constitution, the President of the Republic, appointed by the deputies for four years, has only an honorary function.
The elections took place peacefully on Monday April 29, despite a tense political climate. In the days that followed, several international organizations expressed satisfaction with the conduct of the vote. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Union (AU) and the International Organization of the Francophonie (OIF) declared on Wednesday that they welcomed “the establishment of a framework permanent consultation”, as well as “the smooth running of the electoral campaign” and welcomed “the holding of the elections in calm”. The day before, an electoral mission from the Community of Sahelo-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) judged that the vote had been “free, fair and transparent”.
Demonstrations banned since 2022
For their part, some opposition voices began to criticize the conduct of the elections. Nathaniel Olympio, president of the Parti des Togolais (PT, opposition) regretted on Wednesday on the social network " in all the countries.
The Dynamics for the Majority of the People (DMP, a grouping of opposition political parties and civil society organizations) claimed to have noted throughout the electoral day "an excessive number of votes in several centers", “delays in starting voting” and “not displayed” voter lists.
Thirteen political parties and civil society organizations in Togo filed an appeal before the ECOWAS Court of Justice in April to demand the withdrawal of the country's new Constitution. Attempts by the opposition to demonstrate against the new Constitution fell on deaf ears, with authorities preventing opposition leaders from meeting. In Togo, demonstrations have been banned since 2022, after an attack on the large market in Lomé during which a gendarme was killed.
