2030 objective: to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions more quickly, France has identified the most "credible" levers, aimed in particular at the electrification of cars, the decarbonization of factories and the replacement of millions of oil-fired boilers and gas.
But the plan published Monday by the executive does not venture into the field of financing the tens of billions of euros of public and private investments necessary to implement these measures.
"To achieve our objectives in 2030, we must double the rate of reduction of our greenhouse gas emissions", underlined Elisabeth Borne before the National Council for Ecological Transition (CNTE), an advisory body bringing together NGOs, unions, employers. , parliamentary communities...
Transport, building, agriculture, industry... all sectors will have to do their part if France wants to reduce its emissions by 2030 by 50% compared to 1990 levels, in accordance with the new objectives of the European Union, and on the path to carbon neutrality by the middle of the century. Until now, Paris was aiming for -40% emissions, but barely stood at -25% in 2022, which has already earned it two legal disputes.
In fact, the march is high: we will have to do as much in eight years as we have done in the past 32 years.
To achieve this, this plan lists all the possible “and credible” levers by 2030, we explain to Matignon.
First in demand, housing and transport provide the greatest margins for progress, as does the decarbonization of industrial sites, major consumers of oil and gas.
Transport forms the main source of emissions in the territory (about a third of the total), and traffic is constantly increasing.
The State is counting in particular on the electrification of cars and carpooling, a significant source of carbon savings according to the government, but also on an effort on logistics in a context of boom in home deliveries.
In housing, he is counting on efficient renovation and changing heating methods. In agriculture, there is talk of gains on livestock and nitrogen fertilizers.
But what about the implementation? Of actors' acceptance? At Matignon, we assure that this can move forward to be settled by the fall.
Half of the identified levers are already engaged (support for the purchase of electric cars, law on renewable energies, prohibition of new equipment in oil boilers...).
For the rest, meetings are planned between ministers and stakeholders (energy, agriculture, etc.), to refine this plan by the end of June and the holding of an "ecological planning council" around Emmanuel Macron.
Matignon also evokes the discussions already in progress with the communities and the outcome of the renegotiations of the State-Region plan contracts at the start of the school year.
Basically, some subjects seem in any case simpler than others. Some levers will be mechanical, for example the greater efficiency of new cars.
Others are thornier. What next for gas boilers? The plan expects a significant saving of 8 million tonnes of CO2 per year from their decline in housing, but the decision is not clear how. We can increase the aid or go through the regulatory route, we sum up to Matignon: "two possibilities, not the same ease of execution and acceptability. These are the kinds of things that we want to continue to do well to discuss so that in the end it works well".
Thorny too, the decline in the artificialization of soils.
"Half of the effort will be made by companies? and in particular large companies; a quarter by the State and communities; and the last quarter by households", insists Elisabeth Borne.
On funding, the government does not provide figures. But on the same day the economist Jean Pisani-Ferry estimated, in a report submitted to the Prime Minister, at 25 to 34 billion euros the annual public investment by 2030.
"And there, I didn't see anything new" in the announcements, notes Benoît Leguet, director of the Institute of Economics for the Climate (I4CE), who nevertheless welcomes this "big novelty": "a first distribution of the effort to be made by each sector".
05/22/2023 22:22:47 - Paris (AFP) - © 2023 AFP
