Loved by young people, feared in politics: Tiktok is probably one of the most controversial apps on the market. While US federal agencies have already banned its use, experts describe the consequences of a total ban as "unbearable." About the pros and cons of the platform.
European Commission officials and government workers in the US or Canada are not exactly Tiktok's core target audience. The short video service from the Chinese ByteDance group, with its viral content, is particularly popular with teenagers who are less concerned about government security concerns. But after the instruction to delete Tiktok from company cell phones, there is again a general ban on the service in western countries.
Tiktok's success story so far has caught the big social media companies in Silicon Valley cold. The Facebook group Meta in particular has been trying feverishly for months to find an answer to the surprise success from China with a similar concept. YouTube also initially found it difficult to counter the Tiktok offensive. In the summer of 2021, the Google platform introduced Youtube Shorts, a format that is strongly reminiscent of Tiktok. Only Twitter, which once pioneered live streaming of videos with "Periscope", has yet to respond.
70 percent of young people in the USA are said to already be using Tiktok. With the rise of the service, warning voices have been heard again and again, fearing that user data will be leaked to China. The Federal Data Protection Officer Ulrich Kelber is also critical of Tiktok. As early as June 2021, the data protection officer recommended that the federal ministries and authorities not use the Chinese provider's video app on business devices. However, the result of an announced extensive analysis is still pending. The Federal Office for Information Security also formulates its concerns rather vaguely: "Basically, it is known that numerous apps transmit data to the respective manufacturers as well as to third parties."
The judgment of Rüdiger Trost, who works for the security company WithSecure, is harder: He assesses Tiktok as “very dangerous”, said the expert. "Tiktok's algorithm specifically disadvantages individuals who, according to Western understanding, require special protection." For example, videos of disabled people on Tiktok would be played out less frequently. Trost also sees the connection to the government of the country of origin as problematic: "Events that don't please the Chinese state fall victim to censorship." Much of Tiktok cannot be reconciled with the Western understanding of human dignity, equality, freedom of expression and the protection of minorities. "The risk of deliberately influencing public opinion in Western societies is at least as great as the danger of espionage. Not least before elections."
Tiktok does not want to let allegations like these stand in the room. Spokesmen for the group repeatedly claim that the data of US users is processed in the United States and that backup servers are located in Singapore. Tiktok is also independent of ByteDance's Beijing-based division. But these assurances have not made much of an impression on political Washington. Republican Party officials, in particular, are treating Tiktok as if they were dealing directly with a Chinese Communist Party service.
The anti-Tiktok attitude has a long tradition among Republicans. In 2020, then US President Donald Trump threatened a general ban on Tiktok if ByteDance did not sell the service to the US software company Oracle. Trump saw the national security of the United States threatened, but without going into details. TikTok defended itself legally until Trump's successor, Joe Biden, stopped the confused takeover plans and conceded the measures taken by his predecessor.
But the ban plans in the USA are far from off the table. In a large package of legislation to secure the state budget, the two Republican Senators Josh Hawley (Missouri) and Ken Buck (Colorado) placed the ban on the service smartphones of government employees. Actually, they are aiming for a complete ban on Tiktok in the USA and are also supported by individual representatives of the Democratic Party.
The renowned US security expert Bruce Schneier considers these ban plans to be "a terrible idea". "The side effects would be unbearable," Schneier wrote on his blog. In the end, any effective options (for banning Tiktok) would destroy the free internet as we know it. There is no doubt that Tiktok and ByteDance are shady, Schneier wrote. "They, like most big companies in China, work on behalf of the Chinese government. They collect an enormous amount of information about their users."
But Tiktok is not alone: "A lot of the apps you use do the same thing, including Facebook and Instagram, as well as seemingly harmless apps that have no need for the data. Your data is bought and sold by data brokers that you've never heard of heard and who have little qualms about where the data goes. They have digital dossiers on most people in the United States." The expert advocated an effective data protection law in the USA that could protect consumers in the long term, "and not just from the app of the week".
After government employees in the USA and Canada had already been asked to delete Tiktok from their work devices, the EU Parliament is now following suit. Due to security concerns, the 8,000 employees will be prohibited from using the online service in the future. From March 20, the app may "not be used or installed on parliament-owned devices such as cell phones and tablets," said a letter from the Directorate-General for Innovation and Technical Support.
